![]() Heliotropium species contain various pyrrolizidine alkaloids (which are covered in a separate monograph). Animal studies have shown that transplacental passage and transfer to breast milk are possible, and there is a human case on record of fatal neonatal liver injury, in which the mother had used a herbal cough tea containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids throughout her pregnancy. It is prudent to avoid exposing unborn or suckling children to herbal remedies containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids. ![]() ![]() officinale pointed out that since 1990 no cases of adverse events have been reported and stated that com-frey has a history of effective therapeutic use in humans and that it "might not be as dangerous to humans as current restrictions indicate'' (8). However, the author of a review of the toxicity of S. Other reports of hepatotoxicity due to S. Light microscopy and hepatic angiography showed occlusion of sublobular veins and small venous radicles of the liver, associated with widespread hemor-rhagic necrosis of hepatocytes. A 23-year-old man who had taken comfrey leaves presented with hepatic veno-occlusive disease and severe portal hypertension and subsequently died from liver failure (4).Patients can present with acute or chronic signs portal hypertension, hepatomegaly, and abdominal pain are the main features.Īlkanna (alkanna) Amsinckia (fiddleneck) Anchusa (bugloss) Antiphytum (saucerflower) Argusia (sea rosemary) Asperugo (German-madwort) Borago (borage)īothriospermum (bothriospermum) Bourreria (strongbark) Brunnera (brunnera) Buglossoides (buglossoides) Carmona (scorpionbush) Cordia (cordia) Cryptantha (cryptantha) Cynoglossum (hound's tongue) Dasynotus (whitethroat) Echium (vipersbugloss) Ehretia (ehretia)Įritrichium (alpine forget-me-not) Hackelia (stickseed) Harpagonella (grapplinghook) Heliotropium (heliotrope) Lappula (stickseed) Lithospermum (stoneseed) Macromeria (giant-trumpets) Mertensia (bluebells) Myosotis (forget-me-not) Myosotidium (giant forget-me-not) Nonea (monkswort) Omphalodes (navelwort) Onosmodium (marbleseed) Onosma (onosma) Pectocarya (combseed) Pentaglottis (pentaglottis) Plagiobothrys (popcorn flower) Pulmonaria (lungwort) Rochefortia (rochefortia) Symphytum (comfrey) Tiquilia (crinklemat) Tournefortia (soldierbush) officinale is veno-occlusive disease, a non-thrombotic obliteration of small hepatic veins leading to cirrhosis and eventually liver failure (3). The main type of liver damage caused by S. Sometimes there is also damage to the lungs. They can produce veno-occlusive disease of the liver with clinical features like abdominal pain with ascites, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Certain representatives of this class and the plants in which they occur are hepatotoxic, as well as mutagenic and carcinogenic. Symphytum officinale contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which are the subject of a separate monograph. Herbal medicines that provide more than 1 mg internally or more than 100 mg externally per day, when used as directed, are not permitted herbal medicines that provide 0.1-1 mg internally or 10-100 mg externally per day, when used as directed, may be applied only for a maximum of 6 weeks per year, and they should not be used during pregnancy or lactation. The German Federal Health Office has restricted the availability of botanical medicines containing unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids (1,2). Not FDA evaluated.Symphytum officinale (black wort, boneset, bruise wort, comfrey, knitback, knitbone, slippery root) contains pyr-rolizidine alkaloids, such as lasiocarpine and symphytine, and their N-oxides, and has repeatedly been associated with hepatotoxicity.Ĭomfrey products have been withdrawn from the market in several countries, including the USA and the UK. ![]() * Claims based on traditional homeopathic practice, not accepted medical evidence. All products are made according to the highest standards of cGMP and formulated with HPUS ingredients for purity. With more than 85 years of expertise, Boiron is a trusted brand that prides itself on quality manufacturing and responsible environmental practices. Always use according to the label instructions unless directed by your health care professional. Boiron single medicines are ideal for adults and children and do not contain artificial colors, flavors, sweeteners, or preservatives. They come in an easy dispensing tube of approx. The pellets melt in your mouth and can be taken on the go, no food or water needed. Zincum Sulphuricum is a homeopathic dilution that relieves muscle cramps in legs and arms. Directions: Adults & children: Dissolve 5 pellets under the tongue 3 times a day until symptoms are relieved.Ĭustomize your care with Boiron single medicines for highly targeted relief.
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